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SuperTECH
NEWS is the bi-monthly
newsletter of the BLE GROUP, which provides small- and medium-size
school systems with supplementary technology management to
produce high-quality educational results and efficient management.
The
purpose of SuperTECH NEWS is to provide education decision
makers with concise information that allows them to make informed
technology decisions to impact instruction, management and
communication. This is information you can use
on Monday morning.
Editor,
Susan DeMark
Web Design, Charlene
Polanosky
Publisher, Eliot Levinson
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Our
November issue theme is handheld computers
and software applications for these devices. Choose from the
following articles.
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|
Note
from EliotNo Child Left Behind (NCLB)
Assessment and Management Service. The BLE Group has
launched a new service for small and medium-size school
systems. We assess where school districts are currently
and exactly what they have to do to implement NCLB. The
service also provides school systems the supplementary
management support they need to purchase and implement
the new technology-delivered programs. |
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Theme
of the MonthThe new handheld devices
are more powerful and faster than their predecessors,
and have integrated wireless connectivity and many more
specialized applications for education. We describe recent
developments in devices and applications. We also provide
advice on purchasing and implementing handheld programs.
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Products
and ApplicationsThe newest handheld
computers are much more instruction- and administration-focused.
We look at four leading examples of hardware, explore
a range of current applications suitable for use in
K-12 schools, and examine, in depth, three examples
of breakthrough applications in student assessment that
are being used on handheld devices.
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The
Scoop Low-cost 1:1 computing in schools
is getting close. Developers are working on breakthrough
technology and applications for a wireless networked computing
device that will deliver content at an unprecedented level.
While they will not talk publicly about this big race
going on, we give you an inside perspective of what to
expect in the next two years. |
|
|
Best
Practices Administrators in Michigan
use handhelds for data driven decision-making. Marion
Ginopolis provides lessons from a major statewide initiative
that teaches superintendents and principals how to use
handheld computers and specialized applications to perform
data-driven decision making and enhance their leadership
capabilities. |
|
|
ConferencesCheck
out the relevant conferences coming in the next several
months. |
We
want to hear from you. What do you agree and disagree with
on this issue (we will post comments from readers in the next
issue). Please write us at eliot@blegroup.com.
DID
YOU MISS AN ISSUE?
You
can read past issues of SuperTECH NEWS relating to NCLB online:
- May
2003 - Focus: Data Warehousing and Data Management Solutions
- February
2003 -
Focus: Web-based Assessment Products for High-Stakes Tests
- December
2002
- Focus: Student Information Systems
- August
2002 - Focus: Purchasing Hardware 2002
- June
2002
- Focus: Web-based Applications for Early Reading
- May
2002 - Focus: Web-based Professional Development
- March
2002 - Focus: Technology of Accountability
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THE
BLE GROUP AND NCLB ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT SERVICE
WHO
IS THE BLE GROUP? We're a group of 25 CIOs and curriculum
directors of school systems who use technology to improve instruction
and management. The BLE Group has three lines of business:
- We
develop technology assessments and plans, and we provide management
services in more than 40 school systems.
- We
publish a newsletter, Super TECH NEWS, which offers senior administrators
easy-to-understand information on making technology decisions.
- We
conduct market research for technology firms on the appropriateness
of technology products for K-12 school systems.
Eliot
Levinson is the CEO of the BLE Group. Levinson founded the BLE
Group (www.blegroup.com)
in 1998. Levinson is known nationally for his work in technology
planning and management for school districts. He co-authors "Tech
from the Top," a monthly column that appears in Converge
Magazine. Levinson has experience in education and technology
as a teacher in California and Pennsylvania, a middle school principal
in Massachusetts, and an assistant to the chancellor of schools
in New York City. He has held research positions in educational
change at the RAND Corporation and MIT's Sloan School of Management.
Levinson holds master's degrees in Education and Anthropology and
a Ph.D. in Organizational Studies from Stanford University. Levinson
works as a strategic technology advisor to large school systems
and consults with several firms in the education technology market.
THE
BLE Group's principals, our leadership team, consists of:
- Eliot
LevinsonCEO, BLE Group
- Rick
RozzelleFormer CIO, Charlotte-Mecklenberg Schools, North
Carolina
- Charles
GartenExecutive Director, Educational Technology and
Information Services, Poway Unified School District, California
- Kenneth
EastwoodSuperintendent, Oswego City School District,
New York
- Ann
BoyleAssistant Superintendent of Curriculum, Instruction,
Assessment, and Technology, Scottsdale Unified School District,
Arizona
- Steve
FinchFormer CIO, Oklahoma City Public Schools, Oklahoma
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THE
BLE Group's NCLB Assessment and Management Service
Why
are we launched the NCLB Assessment and Management Service?
Technology is necessary to implement the No Child Left
Behind Act. Technology is a central component to the solution
of every facet of NCLB, whether it is teacher quality, the
delivery of standards-based instruction, assessment, the monitoring
of student progress, school-parent communication, or reading
proficiency.
The
BLE Group knows that small- and medium-size school systemsthe
86 percent of school districts in the U.S. with fewer than
5,000 studentsoften lack the extensive resources and
knowledge base to implement NCLB. They lack sufficient technologists
and technology-savvy educators to plan and manage the Web-based
instructional programs and assessment systems that are the
solutions for NCLB. We make available reasonably priced services
that can provide the expertise school systems need to address
NCLB on a time-shared basis.
Excellent
technology staff is expensive and hard to find. We've created
the NCLB Assessment and Management Service as a means of supplementing
the staffs of small school systems with our own team of skilled
technologists and technology-savvy educators. We will help
you plan and execute an effective NCLB program.
The
NCLB Assessment and Management Service supplements
the instructional and evaluation capability of small and mid-sized
school systems so that they can effectively address No Child
Left Behind. There are two tiers to the NCLB Assessment and
Management Service. Tier 1the NCLB assessment
and plancreates an assessment for districts on how
effectively they are currently addressing the multiple requirements
of NCLB, such as teacher quality, assessment, reading achievement,
etc., and devises a specific plan to address NCLB. The plan
includes new technology-based solutions, a schedule, and a
timeline for addressing NCLB. Tier 2the management
servicesupplies ongoing management support to districts.
We furnish districts with ongoing service from the BLE Group
to purchase products and provide supplementary management
as districts implement their NCLB programs.
The
NCLB Assessment and Management Service evaluates how well
are you currently addressing NCLB and delivering on its mandates,
and it centers on exactly what you should do over the next
year to implement NCLB effectively so that your district's
performance improves.
What
are the specific areas of the BLE Group's NCLB assessment
and plan?
The
BLE Group provides an assessment and solution for the following
NCLB requirements:
- ReadingIncludes
benchmarks, diagnostic testing
- Teacher
QualityCertification, paraprofessional certification,
online training
- TestingState
standards, diagnostic testing
- Staff
developmentWhat is needed to meet certification,
improve standards-based teaching, address technology skills
linked to teaching
- ParaprofessionalsTracking
certification
- Management
of NCLBPlanning for low-performing schools
- Information
AnalysisThe know-how to aggregate and disaggregate
scores
- Grant
proposalsWhat information is needed for the annual
district proposal to include all students
- State
accountabilityWhat does the state have to do to
improve accountability
The
NCLB assessment and plan focuses on instruction, assessment,
management systems, and technology. It includes:
- An
annual implementation plan. Quarter by quarter, the plan
lays out what has to be done in each of the 4 areas described
above.
- A
budget.
- An
assessment of the current state of NCLB linked with specific
recommendations on the items listed above.
NCLB
Supplementary Management Service
Following
are the supplementary management services that districts can
make use of after the BLE Group assessment and plan. BLE Group
CIOs and curriculum directors will supplement the district's
staff with the following services:
- RFPs.
For strategic systems purchases such as instructional management
and on line assessment systems.
- Review
of contracts.
BLE will review district technology contracts and write
effective contracts for the district.
- Monthly
phone consultations and quarterly visits to address NCLB
management.
- Vendor
Management. BLE Group will oversee your NCLB vendors.
- Access
to databases on instructional and administrative systems.
BLE Group maintains confidential databases on management
and instructional software for its' clients.
- Discounts
from collaborative buying of hardware and instructional,
assessment, and management software.
- SuperTECH
NEWS newsletter. The newsletter delivers information
to administrators on NCLB-related technology issues such
as assessment, data warehousing, and instructional management.
If
you are interested in the NCLB Assessment and Management Service,
please contact us to discuss the matter further. The cost
is reasonable.
Eliot
Levinson <eliot@blegroup.com>,
CEO,
THE BLE GROUP
202.281.1763
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Back to top
HANDHELD
COMPUTERS IN SCHOOLS
In
our November issue, we focus on handheld computers in schools. Many
tout handhelds as the great new hope for 1-1 computing because they
can do much of what laptops do, but at a cost of $100 to $400. This
is not your grandfather's PDA from the 1990s. In the past, handhelds
were very limited in power, had narrow applications and were glorified
electronic organizers. Not any more. The newest devices are much
more powerful, with much advancement in processors, and have integrated
wireless connectivity. They are becoming more like networked
computers, are more focused on the education market, and are cheap
relative to laptops and desktops. While the first generation of
handhelds were machines for the business world, the coming generation
of hardware and software applications are more targeted for school
use.
It's
crucial that you learn about the latest in handheld computer hardware
and the software for these devices that are proliferating to serve
K-12 schools. Personal digital assistants (PDAs) and other handheld
devices are not going to completely take the place of laptops and
desktops, but they are going to provide a significant part of the
functionality and applications that are needed in schools. Therefore
they merit your attention.
Handheld
hardware is getting faster, while the cost of the hardware is holding
steady. You can get a handheld computer loaded with applications
in the range of $200 to $400, and devices are available at prices
lower and higher than that, depending on your needs. Keep in
mind that the new handheld devices:
- have
much better functionality
-
are networkable and wireless
- have
the advantage of turning on immediately without needing to be
booted up;
- are
easier to maintain, more rugged, and durable than before;
- have
longer battery life in many cases than laptops;
- have
lower repair and replacement costs than laptops; and
- have
many new multimedia capabilities.
The
other big story is in software for handhelds. There is an exponential
growth in specialized education software for handheld devices such
as PDAs and graphing calculators, from student information system
extensions, to integrated wireless that fosters students' collaborative
projects and real-time testing tools. These applications are
in assessment, instructional content, and administration. The
new products and applications coming to market in the next 1-3 years
could change the face of educational technology use in the classroom.
Handhelds
are moving closer to true computer functionality in schools, and
the combination of applications and hardware functionality has improved
greatly. Handhelds are becoming standard operating devices for
many administrators and lots of teachers as well, and in ways far
beyond their original use as personal organizing assistants and
calendars.
Because
of the price points and the portability of handheld devices, "you
can have every student have access to technology," says Kathy
Schrock, administrator for technology for Nauset (Mass.) Public
Schools. Schrock notes that handhelds allow students to share work
easily and to collaborate, using infrared beaming, and that technology
advances recently have made the handheld computer screen far more
readable. Also, with a classroom set of handheld devices all synchronized
to one classroom desktop, the installation of a single software
program on the classroom desktop can be done while performing maintenance
or updates of other software, she says.
However,
handheld devices are still handhelds, and they are not laptops or
computers. In exchange for lower cost and portability, they
have limitations. The limitations include:
- screens
and keyboards are smaller and harder for reading and large school-project
work, relative to laptops and desktops;
- although
changing, most handheld device-oriented applications are still
narrow and specific;
- handheld
devices have limited memory for handling large bodies of work;
- software
glitches for handhelds can make the Web browsing experience less
than ideal; and
- add-ons
for certain services and connectivity can be costly.
Handhelds
are not the educational technology panacea. But they can and should
be a powerful, versatile piece of the educational-technology portfolio
for your district.
No
Child Left Behind Act's emphasis on accountability and early remediation
for students combined with strained budgets are also pushing the
drive for using handheld devices and appropriate software. Thus
far, initial breakthroughs have come in real-time assessment using
handhelds, and we describe three of these applications in depth.
Moreover, companies are developing specific applications of student
information systems for use on handheld devices and specialized
apps that allow back-office and administrative tasks to be extended
into the classroom.
Companies
are working to create far more expanded educational content that
can be delivered on handheld devices. The goal is curriculum suitable
for handhelds that can be adapted for each student depending on
his or her needs and level of achievement. These are early-stage
applications, and look for major products evolving in 1-3 years.
Schools
lack information about where to place handheld computers in their
portfolios of computing devices. In this issue of Super Tech News,
we
- look
at three of the leading handheld devices in use in the K-12 education
market;
- provide
descriptions of representative applications that run on handhelds;
- examine
in depth three assessment applications that represent how software
for handhelds is breaking through;
- describe
a Best Practices program in Michigan in which superintendents
and principals are learning how to build their leadership skills
using handheld computers; and
- give
the inside scoop on where handheld devices are going in the next
two years and discuss whether they will meet the need for 1:1
computing.
We
break out many more specifics starting in our Products
and Applications segment.
Back to top
Note:
The BLEgroup does not endorse any of the products listed below.
These products were chosen because they represent a range of the
products available.
PRODUCTS: HARDWARE AND APPLICATIONS
Handheld
devices are no longer just a Palm organizer for your contacts and
appointments. The newest devices are far beyond the machines that
were sold in the 1990s. The new handhelds are faster, easier to
use and read, have longer battery life, and are better designed.
Most crucial to K-12, they are much more instruction- and administration-focused.
Not only has the hardware advanced, but the network connectivity
and software applications created for these computing devices are
now much more powerful and versatile. When we say "handhelds,"
we are not simply focusing on the hardware, but on the combination
of hardware and educational and other software made for these devices.
Improvements
in hardware and network connectivity have made it possible to develop
the robust software. The accountability focus in schools had driven
the development of new, assessment-oriented programs and applications
that demonstrate the utility of handhelds in schools. This is just
the cusp of more advancement, both in the devices themselves and
in the applications.
In
this segment, we will look at: 1) the hardware: three leading handheld
devices; 2) representative applications that run on handhelds; and
3) three examples of breakthrough assessment applications used on
handhelds.
As handhelds begin to offer more educational
applications and become more powerful and robust, they are rapidly
becoming a more viable option as a computing device for administrators,
teachers, and students. K-12 technology spending on handheld computers
is projected to zoom upward in the next couple of years. Spending
on handheld devices in the K-12 public schools is projected to go
from $40 million in the 2003-2004 school year, to $175 million in
2004-2005 and $300 million in 2005-2006, according to IDC. Given
this level of spending, competition is fierce among makers of these
small computers, who will continue to promote handhelds as the 1-1
connectivity answer. There is a race to enhance what the handheld
devices can do using multimedia, wireless-access capabilities, and
hundreds of customized applications in instruction, administration,
and assessment.
First,
we are giving you concise and vendor-neutral descriptions of a selected
number of leading handheld computers. This list is intended to guide
you as you consider any purchase in this market. It provides baseline
information about a number of the products and it will also help
you understand what you should keep in mind when deciding on purchases
of these products. We compiled these summaries from interviews with
representatives of each company and from information they make available
on their products, both print materials and on the companies' Web
sites.
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|
| Web
site address |
http://www.palm.com |
| Overview |
Palm
has faster, low-cost machines loaded with features and a discrete
library of applications that are geared for school use. Palm
has been making a major push for K-12 and higher education
users in the past three years, and this effort will only get
more intense. For the education market, Palm has changed its
focus from handheld devices that had to be adapted from business-oriented
machines to hardware designed much more with classroom and
school-office use in mind. Palm has accumulated lots of content-specific
and classroom-management applications. The company has gotten
much more input from educators for their machines.
Two
of Palm's distinct sub-brands in its portfolio of handheld
products are the lower-priced Palm Zire and the higher-end
Palm Tungsten lines.
|
Key
Models &
Product Features |
The
Zire line consists of three models: The Palm Zire, Palm Zire
21, and Palm Zire 71.
Palm
Zire is the least expensive and lightest weight Palm handheld
at 3.8 ounces. With its two-button design and monochrome screen,
it is targeted for first-time and non-technical users, especially
with a focus on functionalities that matter to neophytes such
as a phone book and address book.
The
Zire features Palm's personal information management applications
that permit students to keep track of information such as
class projects, tests, and extracurricular activities. Users
can expand the Zire's functionality with thousands of applications,
but should understand that this is a basic device.
Palm
Zire 21 also features a monochromatic screen, but it has 8
MB of memory and a faster processor than the Palm Zire.
The
Palm Zire 71 has 16 MB of memory (eight times more memory
than the Zire), a high-resolution color screen, and a built-in
camera and headphone/headset jack. The sliding design of the
handheld device hides the digital camera. It comes with a
"Software Essentials CD-ROM that includes software applications
for multimedia, productivity, and entertainment, including
RealOne mobile player; Audible Player audio-book library application
and a customizable PowerOne calculator. Using the Palm Zire
71's Telephony/SMS application, a user can configure the handheld
to a mobile phone enabled with specific digital wireless telephone
technology. This application also allows users to send and
receive short text messages when used with a compatible mobile
phone.
Palm
has a model, the Palm 71 Education Limited Edition, targeted
to students and teachers. It includes the standard Palm handheld
features, in addition to a suite of software that includes
a graphing calculator, assignment tracker, spreadsheet program,
eBook application, and word processor. It also has a built-in
camera and MP3 player.
The
Palm Tungsten line is comprised of several models and is the
company's business user-oriented product family. This product
line includes industrial-strength handheld hardware and software
applications for mobile professionals and business users;
it is this class of handhelds that are aimed at educational
administrators and technology professionals.
The
Palm Tungsten T3 handheld, for example, is packaged with a
software bundle that allows use of the Microsoft Word and
Excel programs; multimedia capabilities including MP3 playback
and photo viewer; and Bluetooth technology that supports wireless
connectivity to mobile phones and PCs that are similarly enabled.
Bluetooth is a standard for providing short-range wireless
connections among computers and other devices. The Tungsten
W offers advanced PDA functions such as a cell phone and wireless
e-mail, a thumb keyboard, wireless Internet connectivity,
and packages aimed at the advanced, on-the-go user.
All
of the Tungsten handhelds come with the Palm Bonus Software
CD-ROM. Each of the models allows Web browsing and e-mail
capability, though it is important to test out various devices
and connectivity setups to determine which is most user-friendly
and robust.
Those
who use Palm handhelds can customize the capabilities of the
devices with SD and "MultiMedia Card" cards that
make it possible for users to carry information - text, images,
music, and voice - with them. The handhelds can be used to
store a large number of resources, including study guides,
newspaper clippings, video clips, and eBooks, etc.
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| Cost
Range |
The
least expensive Palm Zire models are in the sub-$100 range,
while the Zire 71 is about $299. The Tungsten models range
from the Tungsten E at $199 to the Tungsten C at $499. In
August 2002, Palm implemented a special Education Purchase
Program that offers purchase benefits - meaning the more schools
buy, the less expensive the computers become - to schools
that purchase handheld technology in classroom sets, larger
school projects, and campus-wide initiatives.
|
| Comments |
Palm
has gone from having 25 applications once available to use
on their handheld devices to more than 2,500 now.
In
a Texas program, Palms are being deployed for K-4 reading
assessment. The state has standardized the use of running-record
methodology on a Palm in order to assess students' reading
achievement, a No Child Left Behind Act requirement that all
elementary teachers and administrators need to address.
As a student reads a passage, the teacher taps along, and
then the results are tabulated on the handheld computer and
sent to the school database. Going from a paper-based testing
to computer-based is saving the teacher an average of 2 to
3 hours per week.
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|
|
| Web
site address |
http://www.microsoft.com |
| Overview |
The
mobile operating system produced by Microsoft, known as Pocket
PC is used in handhelds produced by Toshiba, HP, Gateway, and
Dell. Sales of Pocket PCs are up at K-12 schools, making Microsoft
a major player in this market. Tablet PCs are also getting a
major push in schools. However, the less expensive Pocket PCs
have appealed to districts because of budget realities and because
software enhancements are making them a much more viable alternative.
They also offer the strong benefit of being able to sync easily
with and use your standard Windows applications. In addition
to continuing enhancements made to the Windows environment extended
for PocketPCs - which includes Pocket Excel, Pocket Word, and
other popular applications - the Mobile Windows software has
added support for access to wireless networks and improved digital
media on PocketPCs.
Moreover,
with its Windows Mobile 2003 software launched during the
past summer, the company is encouraging application development
that takes advantage of the new Windows CE .NET 4.2 operating
system and the .NET Compact Framework in ROM. This platform
will allow developers to take code into a .NET compact environment
and repurpose many desktop applications for handheld devices.
This initiative addresses apps that would be useful for the
educational market.
|
Key
Models &
Product Features |
PocketPC,
PocketPC Phone Edition, and Smartphone are the Microsoft handheld
devices that are sold under a variety of brands, from hp IPAQ,
Toshiba, and Dell for Pocket PCs to Samsung, T-Mobile, and Hitachi
for the PocketPC Phone Edition. With this device, you can
retrieve e-mail, access the Internet, play multimedia files,
exchange text messages, create PowerPoint presentations, use
a wide variety of software such as eBooks and calculators, and
do many other tasks. PocketPC Phone edition combines personal
information, Pocket Office applications, and a cell phone into
one device.
With
the PocketPCs come new functions, an improved appearance over
the Windows CE, and more advanced software over the Windows
CE, the Microsoft predecessor in this space. Microsoft touts
the PocketPC's ability to run various applications simultaneously.
The
features of PocketPC include: high-resolution input screen;
touch-screen input methods; Pocket Outlook (calendar, contacts,
and Inbox); ability to synchronize information with a desktop
PC; built-in expansion options; Pocket Internet Explorer;
MSN Messenger; Windows Media Player; Pocket Word; and Pocket
Excel.
PocketPC
Phone possesses all of these standard Pocket PC features,
plus the text and voice communication capacity. It has built-in
wireless connectivity through a wireless carrier such as T-Mobile.
Phone Edition devices include all standard Pocket PC features.
Using this device, users can wirelessly access the Internet
and corporate networks, and can send and receive e-mail at
speeds that meet or exceed dial-up connections.
Smartphone
integrates PDA-type functionality into a voice-centric handset
comparable in size to mobile phones. Smartphone is designed
for one-handed operation with keypad access to both voice
or data features. It is optimized for voice and text communication;
wireless access to Outlook information; and secure browser
to corporate and Internet information and services. It offers
the capacity to communicate via text and voice plus other
features including: high-resolution color screen; Pocket Outlook
(calendar, contacts, and Inbox); ability to sync information
with a desktop PC; built-in expansion options; Pocket Internet
Explorer; MSN Messenger; and Windows Media Player.
The
Smartphone, Pocket PC and Pocket PC Phone all come with a
cradle that attaches to your desktop PC via ActiveSync --
a software program that manages the connection between the
two devices. ActiveSync can be configured to synchronize e-mail,
calendar appointments, contacts, and more.
Some
Pocket PCs have built-in Bluetooth capability; others accept
a separate Bluetooth expansion card. Bluetooth is a standard
for providing short-range wireless connections between computers,
Pocket PCs, and other devices, allowing a way to exchange
information between a Pocket PC and a home computer.
|
| Cost
Range |
The
cost range of PocketPCs runs from about $200 to about $700,
depending on from whom the devices are purchased and what they
are loaded with. |
| Comments |
Wireless
mobility is high on Microsoft's radar for the near term. And
look for Microsoft to continue to promote improved educational
outcomes and productivity gains that schools can achieve by
extending connectivity and linking HR, financial, student information,
and IT applications and programs from the back office into the
classroom through the use of mobile devices, e.g., Pocket PCs
and Tablet PCs. |
|
|
| Web
site address |
http://www.education.ti.com/ |
| Overview |
Texas
Instruments has been the acknowledged leader in graphing handheld
educational technology, and sold the company's 25 millionth
graphing handheld this past summer. But companies are challenging
TI by pushing stand-alone graphic handhelds in the K-12 market.
At the same time, TI is doing a lot of work on deepening the
subject matter the company offers, moving into different curricular
areas, and making a major push with standards-based content
for its handhelds.
Graphing calculators and PDAs are distinctly different machines,
but this situation is changing dramatically. PDAs are being
loaded with more tools and applications that perform sophisticated
graphing calculator functions. Meanwhile, TI is steadily enhancing
its products with apps and features that target the K-12 needs
that PDAs and other educational technology products have addressed.
Take
the Texas Instruments' launch this summer of TV-Navigator,
a wireless classroom learning system. TI-Navigator combines
a wireless access point, network hubs on students' desks,
TI handhelds, and software into a networked environment through
which teachers disseminate class materials, evaluate students
through quizzes, get real-time results, and adjust instruction.
TI
has also sought to make more applications and software curriculum
packages available, and TI educational handhelds can now be
made into portable word-processing tools, using a TI keyboard.
Another competitive advantage of TI's handhelds is that they
are specifically allowed for use on standardized tests such
as SATs, PSATs, and Advanced Placement exams in such subjects
as AP Calculus.
Below
we look at the key graphing handheld models of TI in the K-12
education space, and summarize their features and some applications.
|
Key
Models &
Product Features |
Texas
Instruments offers a variety of graphing handheld devices,
from the TI-10 targeted for grades 1-3 to the TI-89, which
builds on familiar graphing capabilities for Advanced Placement
math and science courses. The top selling graphing calculators
in the K-12 educational space are the TI-83 Plus and the TI-83
Plus Silver Edition. Both of these graphing calculators allow
the use of handheld software applications for specialized
purposes; have special apps that broaden the use to almost
any class, such as world history and language arts; and facilitate
the introduction of real-world data with available data-collection
systems.
Both
graphing calculators also provide the tools for use in math
and science that allow users to: input functions, trace graphs,
and scroll table values simultaneously with the graph-table
split-screen feature; plot data into scatter, xy-line, box-and-whisker,
histogram, and normal probability plots; and perform advanced
statistics and regression analysis, including hypothesis testing
and confidence intervals, among other capabilities.
The
TI-83 Plus Silver Edition builds on the features of the TI-83
Plus, but includes expanded features and capabilities. Its
1.5 MB of memory holds up to 94 applications at the same time.
It has a 15 MHz processor, which means 2.5 times the speed
of the TI-83 Plus. It comes with the TI Connectivity USB cable
and TI Connect software for computer and Internet connectivity.
This software permits the downloading of handheld software
applications, and allows users to drag and drop all data types,
download educational games from a TI handheld, and capture
screen images for use in other documents. An interactive quiz
feature allows the administration of individualized quizzes
to students via TI-83 handheld devices.
TI's
graphing handhelds come with some software built in, and others
free to download from Texas Instruments. Among those free
applications, for example, is Cabri Jr., an interactive geometry
program for the TI-83 Plus and TI-83 Plus Silver Edition.
Using this application, students can construct, transform,
and analyze mathematical models and geometric diagrams.
In
addition to its core strength in math and science, Texas Instruments
has been extending its curriculum offerings and applications
increasingly into the social studies, world languages, and
language arts areas. First, the company has bundled a
lot of applications for cross-curricular use, such as spreadsheet
applications, study-card creator programs, timeline comparisons,
and a LearningCheck application that gives instant feedback
on student progress.
Second,
TI also makes its software available for sharing through a
school Site License program. Through this program, teachers
and educators can share the functionality of the TI-83 Plus,
TI-83 Plus Silver Edition, and the TI-73 Explorer software
with their students. This includes TI's apps, which cover
a wide range of subjects, from algebra, calculus, and physics
to world languages. All of the applications are loaded onto
a CD that facilitates sharing with all of the compatible TI
handhelds in a school building. The applications suite costs
$500 per school site for the TI-83 Plus and TI-83 Plus Silver
Edition.
|
| Cost
Range |
The
price of the TI-83 Plus graphing calculator is about $100,
while the TI-83 Plus Silver Edition costs about $130.
|
| Comments |
Look
for continued rapid expansion of functionality and connectivity
for TI handheld devices. Texas Instruments already has the
leverage with schools considering the widespread and strong
acceptance of its graphing handhelds. Now, as the No Child
Left Behind Act mandates that schools assess Adequate Yearly
Progress and pinpoint student achievement, TI is working on
targeting its activities to state standards and respond to
NCLB requirements as it seeks to build market share. For example,
the National Council of Social Studies and TI are jointly
developing 23 standards-based lessons to allow teachers to
effectively integrate the use of handheld technology into
social studies lessons.
|
Assessment
Applications
The
first major breakthroughs in instructional applications for handhelds
have come in the area of assessment. We examine in depth four examples
of these leading-edge applications: Classroom
Wizard, Wireless Generation, eLearning
Dynamics, and Discourse.
Classroom
Wizard
http://www.scantron.com/products/wizard/index.asp
Classroom
Wizard is a real-time assessment tool for Palm-powered handheld
and other mobile devices. Using this technology, teachers can quiz
their students, grade, and report data from the classroom, all in
real time.
Scantron
introduced Classroom Wizard at NECC two years ago; the company recently
released a new version of the application, Classroom 4.0. The No
Child Left Behind Act has been a driving force in pushing the need
for timely, efficient data collection down to the classroom level.
Classroom Wizard 4.0 combines the use of handheld devices and a
Web-based application.
Using
the application, a teacher first creates a test key with questions
in the form of true-false, multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, short
answer, or essay. Classroom Wizard allows for the importing of pre-generated
quizzes with thousands of questions that are correlated to standards
in a variety of subjects, when used in conjunction with Scantron's
Skill Wizard. With their handheld devices, students enter quiz
responses. They submit the quiz by beaming the data onto an infrared
device. Quizzes are scored, and the scores are instantly available
to teachers and students via a PC and/or through handheld computers.
Detailed reports can be generated, and scores may be uploaded to
key grade books. This system can also be used with a classroom scanner
and scannable forms, if preferred.
With
its real-time data reporting and analysis capabilities, Classroom
Wizard is intended to allow teachers an immediate, convenient, and
thorough standards-based way to evaluate their students'
achievement levels and to tailor individual instruction and remediation,
if needed.
Classroom
Wizard 4.0 has word processing capabilities that allow for customization,
and is made in a point-and-click format. It supports 802.11b wireless
communication. The application can be used on handheld devices such
as Palm Zire and Palm m125; Visor Pro; and iPAQ 3850 Pocket PC.
It can also be used in conjunction with the Dana Wireless, which
is a laptop alternative that has a larger screen than the typical
handheld and integrated keyboard and runs on the Palm operating
system.
Wireless Generation
http://www.wgen.net/web/
Wireless
Generation has developed a reading assessment application for a
handheld device. The mClass software application allows teachers
and administrators to diagnose, track, synchronize, and report the
reading progress of K-3 students individually by using handhelds.
Using
the application, teachers can monitor a student's progress by performing
an ongoing, classroom-based reading assessment and then use the
results to customize instruction for each student's needs. Teachers
using mClass get real-time feedback on the handheld device, complemented
by expert suggestions about how to address a student's needs. The
device also permits teachers to have instant calculations of the
math that must be performed in reading assessments, such as frequency
of miscues, error rates, and other measures. In addition, the data
can be synched up via a local server or the Web so that it can be
accessed at a classroom, building, district level, etc.
In
its early research, the company, which has partnered with the Center
for Technology in Education, conducted time-motion studies of teachers.
Those conducting the research found that teachers in the elementary
arena are on their feet 97 percent of the day. The company sought
to have assessments that literally can go where the teacher is.
The
company has done extensive research and fine-tuning of the product
based on the types of assessments teachers and their districts use.
During early product development, for example, those working on
the project observed the prevalence of teachers' use of standard
"running records" in tracking students' reading progress
and adapted this type of record to a Palm. They then took the devices
back to teachers, received their input, and continued to revise
the application, based on educators' experiences.
mClass
actually denotes the Mobile Classroom Assessment: Reading and is
a package of assessments. A school district can customize the tools
available so that they are tailored to the district's programs and
needs.
Because
the assessments are on a Web-based application, teachers and administrators
can view them through any browser at home, at school, or anywhere.
Reports also can be generated for parents. Also, since the assessments
are real-time and are an ongoing instructional assessment, they
can inform instruction immediately.
The
application is sold on a subscription basis.
Wireless
Generation offers other tools for mobile assessment of reading:
- MClass:
TPRI - The TPRI is a leading observational reading inventory
developed and researched by the Center for Academic and Reading
Skills at the University of Texas at Houston (CARS) and the Texas
Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics at the University
of Houston (TIMES). It is used in more than 90 percent of Texas
K-2 classrooms, and also in a growing number of districts outside
of Texas.
- MClass:
DIBELS - The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills
(DIBELS) are a set of standardized, individually administered
measures of early literacy. mCLASS: DIBELS is a handheld version
of the scientifically-based K-3 DIBELS assessment.
- MClass:
QRI - The Qualitative Reading Inventory-3 is a widely used,
scientifically-based reading inventory made in accordance with
the Reading First guidelines.
eLearning
Dynamics
http://www.elearningdynamics.com
eLearning
Dynamics has developed two breakthrough teaching and assessment
tools - Palm OS-based LearnTrac and Windows Pocket PC-based
Pocket Classroom, which are learning measurement, analysis,
and administrative software that use wireless technologies with
the objective of improving student performance. Using handhelds,
this wireless network creates dynamic interaction, conducts assessments,
and manages the classroom.
Starting
in 2000, a group of educational leaders worked jointly with wireless
technology experts from Consumer Dynamics, who have a quarter-century
of experience in networked handheld experiences and audience diagnostics
from the entertainment and political arenas. eLearning Dynamics
was founded out of this collaboration in 2001, and research and
development went on for two years before the product was unveiled.
The
intent was to adapt the patented instant-response technology of
Consumer Dynamics for cost-effective educational use, by bringing
together wireless technologies, proven teaching methods, and valuable
analytics in order to improve educational outcomes. The eLearning
Dynamics system combines interactive observation, communication,
and analytical tools using handheld devices in the classroom.
Through
the eLearning Dynamics system, instructors can administer exams
and quizzes to students, automatically grade them, and correlate
pupils' grades with key data such as attendance and prior test results.
This permits teachers to obtain real-time results on how students
are performing relative to skills and outcomes.
Following
is an anecdote that shows how LearnTrac and PocketClassroom work:
a teacher decides to go over a homework assignment from the previous
day. The teacher sends a question out to students, using the handheld
devices. Within minutes, the teacher knows if the students have
learned the material of the homework assignment. This outcome can
shape how the teacher handles the material that day and helps instructors
to know which students have grasped the material and which students
have not and need remediation and targeted instruction. Through
immediate feedback, teachers can use it to discover specific areas
of student weakness, especially relative to standards and benchmarks,
and pinpoint where additional review and work are needed.
As a classroom-management approach, the system ensures that there
is 100 percent student participation and fosters classroom communication
with all students. Teachers can choose either anonymous or attributed
instant question-response. The system's real-time data collection
and analysis features include individual and aggregate comprehension
measurement; correlation with demographics and curriculum standards;
assessment tracking; and reporting that can be generated for teachers,
administrators, and parents. Its automated classroom-management
features encompass attendance; test taking, grading, and review;
syllabus management; content distribution; and messaging.
The
company's applications are currently in two elementary schools,
two middle schools, and nine high schools, in addition to seven
colleges/universities, and the company is now working on larger-scale
adoptions of LearnTrac and PocketClassroom. The system has been
in use at some sites for as long as two-and-a-half years, while
others have just begun deploying eLearning Dynamics' technology
this fall. In June, the company announced the release of LearnTrac
on WiFi, and also released a beta version for AlphaSmart's Dana.
In the long term, the company aims to develop these applications
across multiple devices, operating systems, and wireless standards.
Discourse®
from Educational Testing Service
http://www.ets.org/discourse/index.html
Discourse
was a pioneering product in the instructional delivery and real-time
formative assessment software movement. Since its introduction 10
years ago, Discourse has evolved from an integrated software-proprietary
hardware system, to one that will operate on PDAs or PCs over a
wired or wireless network. Today, Discourse is an e-learning product
from Educational Testing Service.
Discourse
empowers teachers to:
- Pinpoint
individual instruction: Discourse gives the teacher constant
access to information about each student's performance in real
time. Together with the messaging capabilities built into the
software, it gives teachers the ability to always know what their
students know. It can also aggregate this data over time and report
performance trends.
- Conduct
and compile polling data: Discourse allows teachers to poll
overall class understanding of a topic, as well as student opinion.
This lets teachers immediately change and tailor their lessons
to class and individual needs.
- Increase
time on task: The Discourse software seeks to increase individual
and overall class attention over extended periods of time by continually
engaging and interacting with the students in a class.
Discourse
is a tool for instructional delivery and formative assessment that
yields performance measures which can be used to guide instruction
in real time. It can be used in a classroom, computer lab, or schoolwide
network of PCs, tablets, or handhelds. In order for the Discourse
system to work, the teacher must have the software installed and
students need only a Web browser. Using the ETS Discourse software,
teachers can gauge every student's learning through two-way feedback
using multiple-choice and short-answer constructed-response questions.
Teachers can determine what their students know, achieve 100 percent
participation in class discussion, and adjust instruction to assure
all students are learning. After instantly viewing student responses,
teachers can choose to share selected answers with the class, send
an instant private message to a student concerning the student's
response, and save all student responses to evaluate later.
The
Discourse teacher client will run on any hardware platform using
Microsoft operating systems beginning with Windows 95 and including
XP, CE, and ME. The student needs only a Web browser, thus it will
also run on Macintosh systems 8.5 through OSX. Often, the teacher
will use a desktop or laptop computer while the students use handhelds
such as a PocketPC or Palm OS PDA. (A Discourse Client application
must to be installed for these devices to be used.)
Discourse's
two major software products include Discourse Classroom Edition
and Discourse School Edition:
- Discourse
Classroom Edition is designed and licensed for use in the
individual classroom or computer lab. It brings the Discourse
system to the individual classroom or computer lab. Discourse
Classroom Edition costs from $75-$100 per installation on a PC,
tablet, or handheld, with prices varying according to quantity
purchased.
- Discourse
School Edition uses a shared database server to expand the
information database compiled in individual classrooms by student
to an entire school or school district. This permits school administrators
to track and compile databases and information on individual,
class, and subjectwide performance. Teachers can also share lessons
and report formats with this version. Discourse School Edition
costs $14,900 per school.
In
addition to these software products, Discourse technology has been
integrated into two ETS content-based professional development products,
both for mathematics: the Discourse Algebra Teacher Assistance
Package Guides and the Discourse Mini-Lessons for Middle
School Mathematics. Like the more general software tools Discourse
offers, these content-based products focus on leveling the playing
field in the classroom and making sure assessment and instruction
reach all students, as ETS says on the Discourse Web site, "not
just the few high achievers." Both of these content products
are designed as content and assessment tools, allowing teachers
to determine the level of participation and understanding for all
the students in the class, while delivering content at the same
time.
Back to top
THE
SCOOP ON THE 1:1 EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING DEVICE:
HANDHELDS VS. TABLETS
Editor's
Note: In preparing this newsletter, we talked with a lot of handheld
computer designers and applications developers. It is clear that
there is a lot of activity going on that will show up in schools
soon. At this point, the players are not ready to talk about what
is coming down the pike. This is an opinion piece based on our observations
of the industry.
There
is a big race going on between the developers of tablet and handheld
devices to make a computing device in the neighborhood of $500 for
schools that will allow many schools to have 1:1 computing. Within
the next 24 months, there is a high probability that there will
be a 1:1 wireless networked computing device for students that will
supply much of the educational content that is needed in schools,
beyond the devices and specific, more narrowly defined content that
exists now.
This
device will have one of three looks:
- a
stripped-down laptop that has a core of functionality for students;
- a
souped-up handheld with a bigger screen, keyboards, and lots of
accompanying applications; or
- a
hybrid device that is a combination of what we currently know
as laptops and PDAs.
The
race is on. Laptop and tablet device manufacturers are moving
toward a stripped-down utility that will cost between $500 and $600,
and the handheld manufacturers will increase the quality and quantity
of applications, expand the functionality and durability of the
handheld devices, and increase the size of screens and keyboards.
As
we researched this issue of SuperTech News, people were willing
to talk to us in general terms about product direction, but no one
would discuss the exact nature of the devices under development.
However it appears that a lot of development activity is taking
place. Here are our predictions:
- Efforts
are greatly expanding to enhance handheld screen size and networkability.
- The
big push is for a new set of interactive applications for handhelds
to address standards-based teaching and content delivery.
- The
first application breakthroughs are in the area of assessment.
We are seeing these interactive applications break out on the
market now, and even more sophisticated ones are expected to happen
within the year.
- There
is an evolving set of educational applications that focus on areas
such as homework, individualized standards-based instruction,
large content delivery, and real-time classroom assessment. The
goal: Deliver instruction that is totally individualized by leveraging
the portability of handheld devices, the flexibility of computer
technology, and standards-based content.
STN
predicts that the 1:1 under $600 computing device will be available
within 18 months.
So, keep your eyes open on how handhelds,
laptops, tablets and instructional software are evolving.
-
Eliot
Back to top
LEADing
the Future
Marion Ginopolis, director
LEADing
the Future, launched in September 2002, is a major, ongoing initiative
that teaches principals and superintendents in Michigan how to use
handheld devices and specialized applications to access and use
data so they can make informed and quality leadership decisions.
Its basic intention is to strengthen instructional, organizational,
and public leadership through the development of technology-related
skills and knowledge. Thus far, 1,600 administrators have participated
in this training and case studies-integrated initiative.
According
to Marion Ginopolis, the director of LEADing the Future, a collaborative
effort of the K-12 education community in Michigan and the Bill
and Melinda Gates Foundation, the program's main thrust is how
to use technology to make leadership more accurate, efficient, practical,
and of higher quality. The program incorporates face-to-face and
online training. There is a focus on two key leadership areas. The
first is accountability - using handheld technology for evaluation,
and supervision of teachers. The second is continuous improvement
- how to employ mobile technology, in this case handheld devices,
to develop continuous school improvement plans.
LEADing
the Future starts off with an eight-hour face-to-face training session,
at sites throughout Michigan, on using Palm handhelds and particular
applications and applying the use of them to build good decision
making. Following this foundation, the principals and superintendents
can then participate in other sessions that encompass accountability;
continuous improvement; making technology standards work; advanced
handheld technologies; and other components. LEADing the Future
developed the curriculum using national technology standards for
school administrators developed by the International Society for
Technology in Education. The LEADing the Future program has 40 facilitators,
including: principals, technology directors, and other administrators.
All
of the program's training is integrated with case studies, so that
skills learning does not take place in isolation, but rather helps
the administrators apply what they learn to real-life situations,
Ginopolis emphasizes. This ensures that the training will be "transferred
to any situation in their real life," she says. In her view,
the intensive program is the transformation from a traditional to
a technologically supported way of getting things done in leading
schools.
Why
does the program use handheld devices? While those developing the
program had considered laptops, Ginopolis notes that handheld computers
are powerful technology tools that are portable, practical, affordable,
and versatile. There are many excellent applications developed
for the handhelds now that allow LEADing the Future's school administrators
to perform their tasks and responsibilities more efficiently and
easily. One example being used by administrators in the program:
Using Documents to Go software (see Current Applications section
for a description of this product) on a handheld device, a principal
can go into a classroom, observe a teacher, take notes on the keyboard,
get the notes immediately printed following the session, and deposit
and sync up this document with other district database systems.
In
other training, the administrators learn how to access and use particular
Web sites, incorporating this analysis with their own district's
data in order to make good decisions. This includes, for example,
demographic information on their schools and schools throughout
Michigan; assessment results; and other data through which they
can perform comparative analysis. "We have them analyze
the results and learn to set goals for teachers based on those results,"
Ginopolis says. The administrators learn strategies and methods
for data-based decision making so that they use data to guide and
back up their decisions and establish goals. The sessions are very
much collaborative so that the administrators learn from each other
and from their experiences.
How
much have the administrators who come into the program used handheld
devices before? Fewer than half of the administrators had used handheld
devices at all, and the vast majority of those who had done so were
employing handheld computers pretty much as organizers and calendars.
"We have told them that these (devices) have a capacity far
beyond being a date book and calendar," Ginopolis says. Following
the training, the program has found that upwards of 90 percent of
those who have participated are using handheld computers in a whole
new way.
There
are other important supports built into the LEADing the Future initiative
that enhance and extend the program. One is an Internet forum through
which the participants can become engaged in an online learning
community. Through a special channel created for the program's participants,
administrators can also have access on their handhelds to journal
articles and research that have been culled for them by librarians.
"They appreciate that this is portable and they can read them
anywhere, and that someone has gone through and identified articles
for them," Ginopolis says.
LEADing
the Future is conducting very thorough follow-up with the administrators
and their schools to determine the outcomes of the program and to
inform the continued LEADing the Future initiative. It's important
to keep on top of what is happening in the schools after administrators
go through the program, Ginopolis explains, adding, "If people
do not go back to their schools and use it, forget it."
One
unanticipated and concrete impact: Many schools from which the administrators
came are now purchasing and using handheld devices in the classrooms,
for use by students and teachers. Thus far, the program has
received very positive feedback from those who have participated.
The only major negative feedback has been that there is not enough
time to cover everything they hope to in the program, according
to Ginopolis, who is a former schools superintendent.
Of
course, Ginopolis notes that many of those who took part in the
program during its first phases are the people who "raise their
hands" to participate - meaning the eager volunteers - and
that the challenge will come in the training and work with those
administrators who are less inclined to learn and use this technology.
The goal is to have 4,000 administrators from throughout Michigan
take part in LEADing the Future by the end of 2004, or 80 percent
of Michigan's principals and superintendents.
A $6
million State Challenge Grant for Leadership Development of the
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is funding LEADing the Future.
This money comes out of a $350 million nationwide initiative of
the Gates Foundation. As required by the Gates Foundation, various
state associations and groups have provided a match to support the
development and implementation of LEADing the Future.
In
Ginopolis' view, it's critical to start at the top with using technology
to develop educational leadership in order to improve schools and
create positive outcomes. "If we don't have the leadership
on board with using technology," she says, "then we will
never see substantial change."
Back to top
Below
is an annotated list of technology-related education conferences
(complete with links) that you may wish to attend in the next few
months.
Association
of Educational Service Agencies: Annual Conference and Exposition
Policy makers, chief executives, and program experts examine dilemmas
facing educational service agencies. Financial challenges and the
mandates of NCLB are causing ESAs to look beyond their traditional
focus and service. Includes workshops and state leaders' meeting.
Dec. 3-6, 2003
Marco Island, Fla.
http://www.esc4.net/AESA/index.htm
Florida Educational Technology Conference:
FETC 2004
Annual conference draws educational leaders, educational technology
coordinators, media specialists, and administrators to focus on
technology-integrated curriculum strategies, training, and practices.
Sessions, workshops, and hundreds of vendor exhibits provide a look
at the latest trends and products available.
Jan. 22-24, 2004
Orlando, Fla.
http://www.fetc.org/
Texas
School Administrators' Midwinter Conference
Sessions of this annual gathering address the No Child Left Behind
Act, curriculum and instruction, assessment, staff development,
technology, human resources, and administration and finance, among
other issues.
Jan. 26-28, 2004
Austin, Texas
http://www.tasanet.org/learning_opportunities/conferences/midwinter/2004/midwinter.html
ICE
2004 Conference
Entitled "No Technology Left Behind," the annual conference
of administrators, technology staff, teachers, and library and media
specialists looks in depth into technology issues, standards, assessment
in a standards-based classroom, student achievement, and more. Sponsored
by Indiana Computer Educators.
Jan. 29-31, 2004
Indianapolis, Ind.
http://www.ptsc.k12.in.us/ice/
Georgia Educational Technology Conference
Participants have the opportunity to learn and to share innovative
technology through exchange with peers who effectively use technology
in education. Vendors provide exposure to the latest in hardware,
software, and uses of technology.
Feb.
11-13, 2004
Macon, Ga.
http://www.gaetc.org/2004.htm
American Association of School Administrators:
2004 Annual Conference
"A Legacy of Pride, A Future of Responsibility": Annual
conference for administrators addresses strategies and ideas for
governance and management. Sessions address the redefinition of
goals, No Child Left Behind mandates, school reform, achievement
and learning, parents and community, the leader's role, and more.
Feb. 19-22, 2004
San Francisco, Calif.
http://www.aasa.org/nce/
National
Association of Secondary School Principals Annual Convention
The 88th annual convention explores how principals and school leaders
can improve their schools and enhance their leadership. Topics include:
state and federal mandates, personalizing student learning, assessing
learning for accountability, building supportive relationships,
how technology can enhance standards-based instruction.
Feb. 27-March 1, 2004
Orlando, Fla.
http://www.nasspconvention.org/
Ninth
Annual K-12 School Networking Conference
"Personalization and Empowerment: No Child Left Behind"
is the title of this year's conference for school leaders focusing
on the future of the Internet and information technologies in schools.
Sponsored by the Consortium for School Networking. Educators, administrators,
and education technology professionals participate.
March 2-3, 2004
Arlington, Va.
http://www.k12schoolnetworking.org/index.html
International
Technology Education Association: 66th Annual Conference
This annual gathering considers the issues of teaching good decision
making in a technological world. Includes: student assessment, professional
development, and an examination of standards for technological literacy,
and more.
March 18-20, 2004
Albuquerque, N.M.
http://www.iteawww.org/D.html
Back to top
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SUPERTECH
NEWS © 2003 BLE GROUP. All rights Reserved. Do not copy or
reproduce without written permission.
NOTE: The BLE Group does not endorse any of the products mentioned
in this newsletter.
These were selected to illustrate the types of products currently
available.
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